Asthma is one of the most common diseases and one of the major causes of morbidities which demands high cost. With improvement in research and management methods, electrolyte disorders have been considered in patients with asthma because these disorders may cause exacerbation of asthma and lead to severe complications and even death. However, it does not seem these disorders are side effects of drugs used by these patients and they may be a part of natural history or pathogenesis of the disease. Thus, due to the importance of these disorders in effective management of the patients, creating new treatment methods, decreasing complications and improving outcome of these patients, this study was carried out on 96 patients with chronic asthma to explore the above-mentioned subjects. Patients neither had hospitalization nor received intravenous aminophyline; oral inhaler and intravenous beta-agonist and intravenous corticosteroid. None of the patients used alcohol or diuretics, was smoker and had co-existing disease. Sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphore and magnesium were measured in all of the patients. 45.8% of the patients were males and 54.2% were females. Mean age of males (49.8±3.5) was significantly more than that of females (41.2±3.1; P<0.05). The only electrolyte abnormality in this study was hypomagnesemia (10.4%). Mean plasma potassium level in patients that received inhalational beta-agonists (3.6 meq/dl) was significantly less than those who did not receive them (4.21 meq/dl, P<0.05). Also, mean plasma calcium concentration (10.4 mg/dl) in patients who took oral steroids was significantly more than those who did not receive them (8.8 mg/dl, P<0.05). In conclusion, hypomagnesemia is the most common electrolyte disorder in patients with chronic asthma, which is not related to drugs used in these patients and may be a part of pathogenesis of this disease. Thus, treatment of hypomagnesemia may be effective in better control of asthma and decreasing its complications.

Introduction: Coronary artery bypass grafting surgery is a common therapeutic intervention in patients with coronary artery disease. This surgery has various complications. Electrolyte disorders are among common important complications among these patients.Objective: purpose of this study was to determine the level of electrolyte disorders and related factors in patients after coronary artery bypass grafting surgery hospitalized in cardiac care units.Methods: In this descriptive cross–sectional study, 288 Coronary Artery By Pass Graft (CABG) patients admitted to educational hospital were selected by gradual sampling. Data were collected by a three part researcher made questionnaire covering demographics, past medical history and levels of sodium and potassium through patients’ medical records. Statistical analyses were performed using appropriate tests (chi square test, fisher exact test and logistic regression).Results: Findings showed that 16.7% of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting were hyponatremia, 4.9% hypernatremia, 14.2% hypokalemia and 3.8% hyperkalemia. The results also indicated that there was a significant relationship between the factors such as body mass index, history of drug use, the number of vessels involved, the number of grafts, the length of time connected to mechanical ventilation, duration of artificial heart-lung machine use, aortic clamping time, and amount of intraoperative hypothermia, hemoglobin and hematocrit and postoperative electrolyte disorders (P<0.05). According to Logestic regression model, these factors were not associated to electrolyte abnormalities.Conclusion: The findings showed that many factors such as individual medical history and condition during surgery can affect electrolyte abnormalities after coronary artery bypass graft. Identifying these factors can be useful in planning for prevention, diagnosis and early treatment of possible complications which in turn may result in promotion of quality care.

BACKGROUNDS: Reference values of serum parameters are important markers in health evaluation and diagnosis of diseases, as well as in controlling biological processes in aquatic animals.OBJECTIVES: The aim of this research was to determine the reference values of biochemical factors in breeding Rutilus frisii kutum.METHODS: Blood samples were collected from captured fish from Tajan River. Serum levels of glucose, BUN, creatinine, cholesterol, triglyceride, direct bilirubin, total protein, albumin, calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), sodium (Na), and potassium (K) were measured.RESULTS: The serum levels of different biochemical values in males and females were as follows: Na for males 387.1±11.5, and females 420.7±7.1; K for males 39.9±10.6, and for females 37.9±7.4; P for males 19.2±1.0, and females 28.9±2.8; Ca for males 15.9±1.5, and for females 21.6±1.0; glucose for males 209.8±23.2, and for females 83.8±11.3; cholesterol for males, 472.6±23.6, and for females 306.6±22.9; triglyceride for males 393±23.3, and for females 275.1±9.2; total bilirubin for males 0.4±0.02, and for females 0.3±0.02; direct bilirubin for males 0.1±0.03, and for females 0.1±0.02; BUN for males 22.3±1.0, and for females 24.1±1.1; creatinine for males 0.5±0.1, and for females 0.7±0.1 (mg/dl); total protein for males 5.8±0.5, and for females 4.4±0.5; albumin for males 3.3±0.2, and for females 3.0±0.2 (g/dl). The current results indicate that there are significant differences in serum values of glucose, cholesterol, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, triglyceride, phosphorus, sodium and calcium between males and females. The serum levels of cholesterol, triglyceride (p<0.001), glucose, total bilirubin (p<0.01) and direct bilirubin (p<0.05) in males, and those of phosphorus, calcium (p<0.01) and sodium (p<0.05) in females were significantly higher as compared to the opposite sexes.CONCLUSIONS: It can be concluded that the studied parameters may be affected by physiological factors such as the sex of fish.

Background and purpose: The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between electrolyte disorders and disease severity in children with COVID-19 infection referred to Amirkola Children's Hospital. Materials and methods: We performed the cross-sectional study on children aged 1 month to 18 years with COVID-19 infection referred to Amirkola pediatrics hospital, Babol, Iran from March 2018 to July 2018. The level of serum of potassium, sodium, calcium, and fasting blood sugar were measured at the beginning of hospitalization in all study children. Severity of COVID-19 infection was evaluated with Pediatric Early Warning Score (PEWS). Data were analyzed using Chi-Square, ANOVA, and logistic regression tests. P-values of less than 0. 05 were considered significant. Results: Out of 160 children referred to the hospital during the study, 122 were selected. The most common electrolyte disorders were hyponatremia (42. 6%) and hypocalcaemia (16. 4%). No significant relationship was found between calcium (P=0. 30) and potassium (P=0. 12) disorders and severity of COVID-19 infection. There was a significant relationship between the sodium disorder and severity of COVID-19 infection (P<0. 001). Also, the results of the logistic test illustrated that after adjusting confounding variables (age and gender), children with hyponatremia experienced a higher chance of severe COVID-19 infection (OR: 6. 31. 00,CI: 2. 61, 15. 28,P<0. 0001). Conclusion: Hypernatremia and hypocalcaemia are the most common electrolyte disorders in children with COVID-19 infection. Hypernatremia was associated with increased chance of severe COVID-19 infection.

Background and Objectives: Approperiate treatment of obstructive uropathy is a disease is of great importance in patient care. The objective of this study was to compare the results and complications of percutaneous nephrostomy with hemodialysis in correcting water and electrolyte disorders in patients with obstructive uropathy. Subjectes and Methods: In this clinical trial study, 30 patients with obstructive uropathy were selected as study group. Patients were randomly divided into hemodialysis and percutaneous nephrostomy (PCN) groups. In both groups, BUN/Cr, Na, and K were measured every 6 hr. The end point variables were: time for preparation for action (T1), time to clearance (T2), total hospitalization time (T3), pain score, satisfaction rate and complications in both groups were compared. Finally, the data were analyzed using SPSS software versin 20. Results: Results shows that T1 in both PCN and hemodialysis groups was not significantly different. However, T2 and T3 in the PCN group had was more significantly decreased than in hemodialysis group. In addition the satisfaction rate in patients with PCN was higher than hemodialysis. Concentration of potassium and creatinine in the PCN group decreased more than hemodialysis. However, there was no significant difference in the trend of reduction of other indicators such as sodium, systolic and diastolic blood pressure in both groups. Conclusion: PCN method can be an alternative, appropriate, less expensive, and has fewer complications than hemodialysis method for patients with obstructive uropathy.